question 7

Experts have given a warning that there are plenty more security risks ahead , as Cyber criminals become more sophisticated. While “Traditional” cybercrime such as internet password fraud will still be widespread. A larger scale of attacks and hacking the internet of things that will also be as risky

Ransomware -- a type of malware which restricts access to the computer system that it infects –will become increasingly sophisticated in its methods and targets, experts at McAfee Labs warned. 

"We predict ransomware variants that manage to evade security software installed on a system will specifically target endpoints that subscribe to cloud-based storage solutions such as Dropbox, Google Drive, and OneDrive. Once the endpoint has been infected, the ransomware will attempt to exploit the logged-on user's stored credentials to also infect backed-up cloud storage data," McAfee's report on 2015 cyber risks noted.

Ransomware encrypts data and McAfee thought attacks on mobile devices and cloud-backed data would increase.

"Ransomware victims will be in for a rude shock when they attempt to access their cloud storage to restore data—only to find their backups have also been encrypted by the ransomware," the experts said.

question 4

Question 4

Digital Citizenship is having the attitudes to reveal respectful, responsible and safe behavior when using and form of technology or when participating in the digital world.

ACTING RESPONSIBLY	ACTING RESPECTFULLY
v  Demonstrating ethical behavior in the digital world, exactly how ethical behavior is practiced in the real world.	v  Having self-respect and respecting other people as well by practicing ethical behavior through actions
v  Following all rules and laws dealing with the use of technology	v  Demonstrating all respectful digital etiquette
v  Using digital facilities in a perfect way though you get mistaken	v  Not to misbehave online and insult other people
v  Maintaining the best way to treat others and mind what you comment on	v  Seeing admiration to peer technical assets and using it effectively
v  Following all rules of technology and taking responsibility for my actions if this is not done appropriately	v  Showing moral digital behavior and many more means t operate digitally

question 2

QUESTION TWO:

2.1)

Information fluency is a form of competency in any state of subject, which is seen to be a goal and motivation for students to excel in a learning environment and how it may be structured.

Information fluency- takes unique skills to navigate the online series of data we have daily. Therefore Information Fluency are skills needed to not only look for information, but to also develop useful knowledge that may help effectively solve the real-world issues.

With the use of the information fluency process to break through the ground-breaking archaeological findings by Professor Lee Berger from Wits University:

Asking: Where's the evolution?

Arguably the most remarkable thing about Homo naledi is how and where it was found. Back in 2013, two eagle-eyed cavers spotted human remains in a remote cavern deep inside the Rising Star cave system, just outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. The chamber, dubbed the Denaledi Chamber ("chamber of stars"), is about 30 meters below the surface and accessible only via more than 80 meters of often extremely narrow passages. Berger himself was too large to access the fossils, so he gathered a team of scientists small and limber enough to make the arduous descent. What Berger's team of "underground astronauts" found there was the largest and most varied assemblage of hominin fossils ever found in Africa. (A hominin is any species more closely related to modern humans than to modern chimpanzees.)

Acquire

  Berger and his team considered many different hypotheses. Could the hominins have been dragged there by some predator? The researchers eliminated this possibility because there were no signs of teeth marks on any of the fossil fragments, and the condition of the remains themselves suggests that they did not undergo any kind of severe trauma right before death. In addition, there were almost no other remains present — nearly every fossil in the cave was from Homo naledi. The likely predators wouldn't have been so selective! Could they have lived in the cave? This seems unlikely because of how inaccessible the cave was, and because there was no sign at all of habitation — no food remains or tools, for example. Could they have been caught in a current of water somehow, possibly during a flood? Not likely, since a flood would have carried in other organisms and a greater diversity of sediments than are present. Could they have become trapped all at once? Again, not likely because there is some geological evidence that the remains were deposited over some amount of time. So the most plausible explanation of this sort would be that there were repeated events in which groups of individuals became trapped. The researchers regard that as possible but unlikely

Analyse

In the case of Homo naledi, apomorphies that suggest its placement within the genus Homo include certain characteristics of its cranial structure and dentition, which appear derived from earlier hominin species. The hands suggest finely tuned motor skills, and the teeth suggest a diet of high-quality foods, such as meat and tubers. The feet are also apomorphic with other Homo species and suggest Homo naledi was capable of walking efficiently for long periods. In fact, they are so similar to that of modern humans one researcher commented that if you came across just a Homo naledi foot in a cave, you'd assume it was that of a recently deceased modern human. Other characteristics, however, such as its small cranial capacity, short shoulder blades that sit high and wide on the trunk, and flared upper pelvis, appear ancestral to later hominin species. These traits are plesiomorphies, and would suggest its placement outside of the Homogenus.

Ø  Apply-  Since the ground-breaking archaeological (Homo Naledi) findings by Lee Berger from Wits University it is clear that the Homo Naledi is closely related to modern humans. The Homo Naledi was on earth about 2 million years ago and was extinct about 70,000 years ago before human came about.

Ø  Assess: the ground-breaking archaeological findings has been assessed , with the results being that the Homo Naledi species are proof that there was life on earth before humans.

question 1.2

QUESTION ONE

1.2) The Techno-economic   paradigm is used to locate the notion of technological upheavals in the neo-Schumpeter effort in order to identify the regulations, discontinuities and continuities in the process of modernism.

The Public can mature from this by firstly understanding the results about the altered development trajectories of constituency regions and to bounce valuable information or understanding for district decision-making.

digital footprint

core element

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8zKCbUXLBP-RWdiMnpodlpnRUU/view?usp=sharing

Q.5.2

Q.5.2

EVERYONE HAS THE RIGHT TO :-

(a)          To internet access irrespective of their race, gender or background.

(b)         To free access to digital devices that can link them to the online world.

(c)           To express themselves online regardless of where and whom they may refer to

(d)         To take information or use the site for in any informational purposes.

(e)          To communicate freely.

It is everyone’s responsibility to:-

(a)          To not deny others of internet access

(b)         To not deny others of digital devices that can link them to the online world

(c)           To not discriminate or destroy other’s dignity when expressing themselves.

(d)         To respect and give credit to online information and do not take without the owner’s consent.

(e)          To respect other’s communication

Q.5.1

Question 5

Q.5.1

The world has become a lot evolved in such a way that everything is now unto opt the internet world even the simplest things that  were found at the libraries you can now get them in the palm of your hand through your cellphone and other technological accessories.

Denying someone their right to digital use is like killing them because they will sooner or later be faced with a challenge that will need them to be familiar with the digital world or want to find anything online they will fail to do so because they are not familiar with the internet.

It is not right to deny a person access to the internet because you never know when they will need the internet and how badly they will need it.

Q.4

Question  4

Online etiquettes it is the way one should behave whenever they use the online wold.

In the world of internet everyone has a right as well as their responsibilities. Everyone needs to behave themselves each time they interact with people online, for example when you comment on someone’s photo or status on Facebook, tweeter, Instagram, and all other social media sites.

This a is why people online like to be offended so much

After an online backlash against Stephen Fry, an expert explains online outrage.

Feb 16th 2016, 6:15 AM 21,382 Views  36 Comments

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ON SUNDAY NIGHT Stephen Fry hosted the BAFTA awards in London.

Dotted in among the expected witticisms from the avuncular host was a joke about Jenny Beavan, the winner of the costume design award, who he said looked like a bag lady.

This was enough to send Twitter into overdrive.

People took aim at Fry for insulting Beavan, and accused him of misogyny.

One tweeter said that the host had “gone down in a lot of people’s estimations” and may even have lost him his status as a national treasure.

Source: Jane Hovey/Twitter

Fry responded to this by writing “Christ, I fucking hope so” and subsequently tweeted a picture of himself and Beavan with the caption ‘Jenny Baglady Beavan and Stephen Outrageous Misogynist Swine Fry at the #EEBAFTAs after party’.

The picture that Fry tweeted outSource: Twitter

Still – that didn’t stop Twitter users coming out in force against him, with Fry deleting his account.

Speaking to TheJounal.ie, clinical psychologist and President of the Psychological Society of Ireland Paul D’Alton explains the process of “I tweet therefore I am” comes down to two things.

“Genetically our brains are predisposed to seek out social contact,” D’Alton explains, “We exist and we survive when we have social contact.

That’s a lot of what is going on.

“There’s a thing call negative intimacy. That even when contact is negative and insulting, it is still something people go after.”

This may explain why the Twitter users continued to go after Fry even after he posted the picture with Beavan.

The deeply superficial world of social media doesn’t satisfy us, and sometime we’ll go back for more and more even when it’s insulting.

The second thing is something known as the the the ‘Proximity Effect’, which was developed by psychologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s.

“He did these obedience experiments,” D’Alton explains, “And what he discovered was that the closer you are to someone, the less likely you are to punish them.”

And, chances are, we can expect more incidents like this in the future.

“This is a huge area of psychology now,” D’Alton went on, “You have a whole generation of natives now who are born into the world of social media. There are huge psychological implications that we don’t quite understand at this point.

I think that people are right to be concerned.

Read: We need to recognise that emotional wellbeing is linked to early childhood experiences

Also: Dreading tomorrow? Here are 23 signs you’re burnt out at work

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se their dignities.   

Q.2.2

Question 5

The solution fluency regarding the rape crisis South Africa is currently facing.

Define

 In South Africa we are faced with the crisis of woman and children, Cape Town has been lately observed and they confirmed that it has the highest rape rates as it is compared to other cities in various provinces all over South Africa.

Discover

The government of the state should at least try to find or discover the cause of the high rape rate in this country for it is not just something that came out of nowhere but there is a reaso9n behind this behavior and it has to be discovered.

Dream

In every community there should be a dream in order to succeed it is not pre-determined that only young people can dream and that you can only dream of what you want to achieve which is good, but you also need to dream of how you can overcome this crisis that has striven our beloved country by everyone dreaming positively we can overcome this rape beast.

Design

People should not entertain any kind of crime regardless how low rated it is but each and every one should participate, they should design campaigns that will teach more about rape and how you go about reporting and dealing with it co0ncequencies.

Deliver

The public need to deliver whenever the state has provided help like starting police camps in local places where rape is known to be the popular offence done by local residents. They should not protect them but bring them forth.

Debrief

The community should familiarize theme selves with the actions taken regarding the rapists and how they should treat the victims and to be updated in order to be satisfied of the police work.

Q3.1Question 3

Q.3.1

The internet of things

The internet of things will later in the future provide the universe with a diverse range of internet access, killing the very known digital divide and by that that everyone will have will have unlimited digital access.

The internet of things will extend connectivity beyond traditional devices like desktops, cell phones, laptops, computers, tablets and other internet devices but it will connect the world to a diverse range of everyday things that utilize embedded technology to communicate and interact with the external environment.

In the future the internet of things will have fed all internet devices with the means of internet access, communication and interaction.

Q.3.2   

v Verbal-linguistic intelligence (well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words)

Ø This intelligence makes a person do everything responsibly online knowing the meaning of whatever they do will affect others and the creativity of how one arrange their words in whatever they do.

v Spatial-visual intelligence (capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly)

Ø This intelligence make intern et users think, visualise and create images even without seeing them online but the moment they read something from the internet they start bringing their creativity to life by applying this intelligence

v Interpersonal intelligence (capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others)

Ø This level speaks of how a person suddenly react to the particular technology contexts and how they reflect to the business world and so as to the digital world, by applying this level the society can learn to use the digital world responsibly.

v Intrapersonal (capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes)

This level is much important to the digital devices users because they need to be aware of  whatever they do, say or get themselves involved. 

DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

Q1.2 

The community that is disadvantage may face difficulties with their children growing up clueless of how the digital  devices work, yet some advantageous children have all necessary device. By this the digital divide has made, and keeps on making the disadvantaged people more clueless and the advantageous more informed of the internet stuff..